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LITERARY SOURCES |
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Author |
Strabo |
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Title |
Geography, book V, 1.11 |
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Notes |
Modena is an important Cispadana city (175 BC). |
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Author |
Pomponius Mela |
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Title |
De chorographia, book II, 60,1 |
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Notes |
Modena is one of the furthest cities from the sea and the richest in Gallia Cisalpina. |
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Author |
Pliny the Elder |
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Title |
Naturalis Historia, book III, 115 |
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Notes |
Modena is a colony in Regia VIII. |
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Author |
Claudius Ptolomeus |
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Title |
Geography, book III, 1.46 |
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Notes |
Geographical co-ordinates of Modena: 33°, 43° 73''. |
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Author |
---- |
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Title |
Imperatoris Antonini Augusti itineraria provinciarum et maritimum, 99.4 |
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Notes |
Modena stands on the route from Milan to Sicily, between Reggio Emilia and Bologna. |
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Author |
----- |
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Title |
Imperatoris Antonini Augusti itineraria provinciarum et maritimum, 127.3 |
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Notes |
Modena stands on the route from Rome to Milan, between Bologna and Reggio Emilia |
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Author |
---- |
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Title |
Imperatoris Antonini Augusti itineraria provinciarum et maritimum, 282.1 |
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Notes |
Modena stands on the route from Aquileia to Bologna, and between Bologna and Vicus Serninus |
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Author |
---- |
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Title |
Imperatoris Antonini Augusti itineraria provinciarum et maritimum, 282.6 |
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Notes |
Modena stands on the route from Verona to Bologna, between Vicus of Colicaria and Bologna. |
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Author |
----- |
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Title |
Imperatoris Antonini Augusti itineraria provinciarum et maritimum, 283.6 |
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Notes |
Modena stands on the route from Cremona to Bologna, between Reggio Emilia and Bologna. |
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Author |
----- |
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Title |
Imperatoris Antonini Augusti itineraria provinciarum et maritimum, 287.6 |
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Notes |
Modena stands on the route from Cremona to Bologna, between Reggio Emilia and Bologna. |
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Author |
----- |
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Title |
Itinerarium Burdigalense, 616.9 |
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Notes |
Modena stands on the route from Rome to Milan, between the staging posts of Vittoriola and Pons Secies. |
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Author |
------ |
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Title |
Tabula Peutingeriana, segmento III.4 |
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Notes |
The River Secchia flows between Reggio Emilia and Modena as far as the Po. |
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Author |
------ |
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Title |
Tabula Peutingeriana, segmento III.4 |
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Notes |
Modena is on the Via Emilia, between Forum Gallorum and Reggio Emilia. |
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Author |
----- |
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Title |
Ravennatis Anonymi Cosmographia, 4.33=272 |
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Notes |
Modena is on the route from Tortona to Rome, between Reggio Emilia and Forum Gallorum. |
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Author |
Guy of Ravenna |
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Title |
Geographica, 37=477 |
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Notes |
Modena (indicated here as Tutena) stands on the route from Tortona to Rome, between Reggio Emilia and Forum Gallorum. |
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Author |
Strabo |
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Title |
Geography, book V, 1.12 |
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Notes |
The Modena and Scultenna (Panaro) Region is noted for its production of best quality wool (1st Century AD). |
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Author |
Columella |
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Title |
Res rustica, book VII, 2 |
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Notes |
The sheep reared at Campi Macri, between Parma and Modena, are among the finest in Italy (1st Century AD). |
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Author |
Pliny the Elder |
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Title |
Naturalis Historia, book II, 96 |
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Notes |
While the war was raging in Modena, a luminous sign, like meteors, appears in the sky over Rome (43 BC). |
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Author |
Pliny the Elder |
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Title |
Naturalis Historia, book II, 199 |
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Notes |
Above Modena, just before the Social War, two mountains collide into each other causing fire and disaster (91 BC). |
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Author |
Pliny the Elder |
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Title |
Naturalis Historia, book II, 209 |
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Notes |
In the Modena area the earth shakes, like floating islands. |
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Author |
Pliny the Elder |
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Title |
Naturalis Historia, book II, 240 |
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Notes |
On the day of Vulcan (23 August), in the Modena area a flame spontaneously bursts out of the soil. |
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Author |
Pliny the Elder |
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Title |
Naturalis Historia, book XIV, 39 |
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Notes |
Modena is famous of its perusina grape. |
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Author |
Pliny the Elder |
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Title |
Naturalis Historia, book XXXV, 161 |
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Notes |
Modena pottery is among the best known in the Empire. |
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Author |
Martial |
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Title |
Epigrammata, book III, 59 |
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Notes |
The Author mocks the work of those who offer public ludi: A cobbler in Bologna; a laundryman in Modena (late 1st Century AD). |
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Author |
Dio Cassius |
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Title |
Roman History, book XLVI, 33.4 |
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Notes |
The statue of Minerva immediately before the war loses its fine complexion (44 BC) |
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Author |
Diocletian and Colleagues |
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Title |
Edictum de pretiis rerum venalium, 19.21, 23-26 ; 20.3, 13 ; 21.1 ; 22.16-18 ; 25. 1-2 |
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Notes |
Prices of main varieties of Modena’s wool and of some manufactures made with the same material are fixed (301 A.D.). |
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Author |
Julius Obsequens |
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Title |
Prodigiorum liber, 70 |
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Notes |
While the troops prepare for the Battle of Philippes, the statue of Mario at Modena is turned by itself in the opposite direction (42 BC). |
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Author |
Priscian |
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Title |
Institutiones Grammaticae (in Grammatici Latini, ed. Keil 2.60) |
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Notes |
Mutina is a primitive not derived term . |
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Author |
Polybius |
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Title |
Histories, book III, 40.8 |
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Notes |
On receiving news of the approach of Hannibal, the Gauls rise up, occupying regions that have already been colonised and the settlement where Modena was to be founded (218 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XXI, 25.3 |
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Notes |
The triumvirate appointed to distribute land around Piacenza takes refuge in Modena because of the Gallic revolt (217 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XXI, 25.6 |
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Notes |
Modena is besieged by the Gauls, who, not being used to siege tactics, are the first to open peace negotiations (217 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XXI, 25.8 |
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Notes |
In order to help Modena, the magistrate Lucius Manlius intervenes with his army but is surprised and defeated in two ambushes (217 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XXIII, 23.4 |
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Notes |
The Boii Gauls, after having defeated the Roman legions in Selva Litana and killed the consul Lucius Postumius, use the latter’s skull for the sacred libations in their important sanctuary (216 BC). |
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Author |
Dio Cassius |
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Title |
Roman History, book XV, 3.2 |
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Notes |
The consul Postumius Albino is defeated and killed by the Boii Gauls in an ambush while he is crossing a wooded mountain and his skull is then used in sacred libations (216 BC). |
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Author |
Silius Italicus |
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Title |
Punica, book VIII, 590 |
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Notes |
Modena, in competition with other cities, invites many men to come to the aid of Rome, which is in difficulty against Hannibal (215 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XXVII, 21.10 |
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Notes |
The father of Gaius Servilius, immediately after being elected as a people’s magistrate, is believed for ten years to have been killed at Modena but is in fact alive and a prisoner of the Boii Gauls (206 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XXXV, 4.3 |
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Notes |
The consul Lucius Cornelius Merula heads towards Modena in pursuit of the Boii Gauls, who refuse to fight and are defeated (193 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XXXV, 6.1 |
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Notes |
The consul Lucius Cornelius Merula sends a letter to the Senate about the campaign against the Boii Gauls and the victory at Modena (193 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XXXIX, 55.7-8 |
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Notes |
The colonies of Parma and Modena are founded on lands previously held by the Gauls and, before that, the Etruscans: among the triumvirates appointed are Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (183 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XXXIX periocha |
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Notes |
Several colonies, including Modena, are founded (183 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XLI, 12.8-10 |
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Notes |
The consul Gaius Claudius faces the Ligurians in battle on the Scultenna (Panaro), bringing a decisive victory. |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XLI, 14.1-3 |
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Notes |
The Ligurians, taking advantage of Roman laxity, fall upon Modena and sack it, provoking the immediate reaction of Rome (177 BC).I Liguri, approfittando della rilassatezza dei romani, piombano su Modena e la saccheggiano, provocando l'immediata reazione di Roma (177 a.C.). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XLI, 16.7-9 |
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Notes |
The pro-consul Gaius Claudius re-conquers the colony of Modena from the Ligurians (176 BC). |
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Author |
Livy |
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Title |
Ab Urbe condita, book XLI, 18.1-3 |
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Notes |
The Ligurians, remembering their defeat on the River Scultenna (Panaro), take refuge on two mountains above the plain, inflicting violence on their prisoners from Modena (176 BC). |
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Author |
Sallust |
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Title |
Historiarum reliquiae, fr. 79 |
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Notes |
The fragment probably tells how Gneus Pompeus, loyal to Silla’s reforms, killed his rival Marcus Junius Brutus (78 BC) at Modena. |
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Author |
Plutarch |
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Title |
Parallel Lives – Pompeus, 16 |
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Notes |
In the war that breaks out after the death of Silla, Gneus Pompeus remains faithful to the old general and intervenes against the rebels: At Modena he faces and defeats Junius Brutus, father of Caesar’s murderer (78 BC).
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Author |
Plutarch |
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Title |
Parallel Lives - Crassus, 8.9 |
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Notes |
The magistrate Crassus, responsible for the part of Gaul Cisalpina to the south of the Po, is defeated by Spartacus (72 BC). |
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Author |
Florus |
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Title |
Epitoma de Tito Live, book II, 8.10 |
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Notes |
Spartacus’s army wins a brilliant victory at Modena over the magistrate Gaius Cassius Longinus (72 BC). |
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Author |
Cicero |
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Title |
Ad familiares, book VI, 8.3 |
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Notes |
The author recommends his friend Caecina to choose friends who will preserve him from trouble with Julius Caesar and who are now in Modena (46 BC). |
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Author |
Cicero |
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Title |
Ad familiares, book XI, 6.1 |
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Notes |
The author assures Decimus Junius Brutus that he has had his instructions from Lupus, who has just arrived from Modena (44 BC). |
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Author |
Cicero |
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Title |
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