|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Base for the war |
Notes |
In 217-216 B.C. Ravenna sticks to Rome against Hannibal. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Honour |
|
Notes |
Around 100 B.C. the people of Ravenna raise a statue in honour of C. Marius, elected consul four times in succession. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Base for the war |
|
Notes |
In 89 B.C. Ravenna receives the ius Latii as foederata of Rome, and one of its citizens, P. Cesius, obtains the Roman citizenship |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 82 B.C. Q. Cecilius Metellus Pius’ troops, who were faithful to Silla, land in Ravenna to occupy it and pillage some provisions. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 56 B.C. the triumvir M. Licinius Crassus is in Ravenna to meet his collegue C. Julius Caesar. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 52 B.C. Caesar is in Ravenna, he gives hospitality to M. Tullius Cicero and asks him about the tribune of the people Celius Rufus from Rome. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 51 B.C. Ravenna is governed by L. Munatius Plancus on behalf of Caesar. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Base for the war |
|
Notes |
In 50 B.C. Caesar is in Ravenna to organise his climb to power. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Base for the war |
|
Notes |
In January 49 B.C. Caesar leaves Ravenna and crosses the Rubicon. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Change of juridical position |
|
Notes |
In 49 B.C. Ravenna and the whole Cisalpine obtain the Roman citizenship. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Base for the war |
|
Notes |
In 44 B.C. C. Julius Caesar Octavian is in Ravenna to gather the forces against M. Antonius. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Base for the war |
|
Notes |
In 41 B.C., after having lost the war of Perugia, Asinius Pollio, partisan of M. Antonius, retires in Ravenna. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Base for the war |
|
Notes |
In 39 B.C. Octavian orders the construction of the triremes in Ravenna for the war against Sex. Pompeius under the leadership of Cornificius. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Naval base |
|
Notes |
During the princedom of Octavianus Augustus (27 B.C. – 14 B.C.) the harbour of Ravenna is equipped to receive one of the two Imperial fleets, that appointed head of the control of the Eastern Mediterranean: according to ancient Authors this harbour could host up to 250 triremes contemporaneously. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Presence of hostages |
|
Notes |
In 15 A.D. Ravenna is appointed to host the wife of the Germanic chief Arminius, who had been taken prisoner when pregnant by general Germanicus; on the contrary in 19 A.D. the former king of the Marcomanni Maroboduus is hosted as a refugee of an inner plot. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Base for escape |
|
Notes |
In 24 A.D. the young senator Vibius Serenus, after having lost a process against his father, retires in Ravenna, from where he is then obliged to come back to Rome. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Trial |
|
Notes |
In 56 A.D. the leader of oarsmen, Clodius Quirinalis, is tried for thefts and robberies but he commits suicide before the sentence. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
Between 68 and 69 A.D. the fleet of Ravenna is contended between various competitors until when Lucilius Bassus is entrusted with the leadership by Vitellius, but he deserts in favour of Vespasian. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Public works |
|
Notes |
Under Trajan’s reign (98-117 A.D.) the first aqueduct is built. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Barbaric rebellion |
|
Notes |
Around 170 A.D., in order to meet the requests of the Germanic people bearing down on the Empire borders, the emperor M. Aurelius, awards some lands in the area of Ravenna to the Quadi and the Marcomanni, but they rise and are expelled in 175 A.D. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 193 A.D., during his march on Rome, Septimius Severus takes possession of Ravenna without fighting. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 238 A.D. the emperor Maximus Pupienus organises the army in Ravenna to fight against Maximinus Thrax in Aquileia, but he is informed of the elimination of his rival while he is still in Ravenna. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Barbaric invasion |
|
Notes |
In 264/265 A.D. the Germanic people reach Ravenna. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Change of condition |
|
Notes |
In 297 A.D. Ravenna becomes the chief town of the new Flaminia province. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Imperial crossing |
|
Notes |
In 303/304 A.D. the emperor Diocletian crosses Ravenna while he is ill. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 306 A.D. the caesar Flavius Severus, who had been defeated by Maxentius, barricades himself in Ravenna, from where he is obliged to get out from the ex-emperor Maximianus. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Change of condition |
|
Notes |
Following the descent of Alaric’s Visigoths in 402 A.D., the emperor Honorius follows the advice to transfer the Imperial capital to Ravenna. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Political murder |
|
Notes |
In 408 A.D. the general Stilicho is killed in Ravenna by order of the emperor Honorius. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Barbaric invasion |
|
Notes |
Between 409 and 410 A.D. the emperor Honorius entertains from Ravenna relations with Alaricus that brings about the expulsion of the usurper Attalus, as well as Rome’s sack. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Political raising |
|
Notes |
In 419 A.D. general Constans is associated to the empire by Honorius (he had married his sister Galla Placidia) and celebrates the birth of his son Valentinian. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 423 A.D. after the death of emperor Honorius and two years after that of Costanzo, his designate heir, the people of Ravenna support the senatorial candidate Johannes Primicerius against the young Valentinian, who had been appointed by the emperor of Constantinople Theodosius II: the general Aspar conquers Ravenna with violence and installs the young Valentinian under the regency of his mother, the princess Galla Placidia. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Political murder |
|
Notes |
In 430 A.D. in Ravenna the patrician Felix, tutor and military expert of Valentinian, is killed by the soldiers. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Ecclesiastic raising |
|
Notes |
Around 430 A.D. Peter, later called the Crisologus, becomes bishop of Ravenna, the most important Ravenna metropolitan of antiquity. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Catastrophe |
|
Notes |
In 455 A.D. Ravenna is devastated by a fire; at the same time, after the murder of Valentinian III, Petronius Maximus and Avitus were contending for the imperial power in Rome. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Political raising |
|
Notes |
In 457 A.D. the emperor of the East Leon designates as emperor in Ravenna Maiorianus. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Political raising |
|
Notes |
Following the death of Maiorianus, in 461 A.D. the emperor Leon designates as emperor the Lucan Libius Severus, but the real holder of power will be the barbaric general Ricimerus. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Political raising |
|
Notes |
In 467 A.D., two years after the death of Severus, Antemius is elected emperor from the Eastern empire and Ricimero marries his daughter. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Natural catastrophe |
|
Notes |
In 467 A.D Ravenna is devastated by an earthquake. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 473 A.D. the emperor of the East Leon designates as emperor Julius Nepos, but in Ravenna general Gundobadus raises Glicerius: in 474 A.D. Nepos reaches Ravenna and deposes Glicerius. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil war |
|
Notes |
In 475 A.D. general Orestes obliges Nepos to flee from Ravenna; he elects his son Romulus, called Augustulus, as emperor at his place. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
War of conquest |
|
Notes |
In 476 d.C. king Odoacer breaks the resistance of general Paul, brother of Oreste and uncle of Romolus Augustulus, enters Ravenna and deposes the emperor without replacing him: it’s the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Political murder |
|
Notes |
In 477 A.D. king Odoacer eliminates in Ravenna the comes Bracila, who was plotting against him. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Catastrophe |
|
Notes |
In 488 A.D. Ravenna is devastated by a fire that destroys Apollinaris’ bridge. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
War of conquest |
|
Notes |
Defeated by the Adda river, in 490 A.D. king Odoacer barricades himself in Ravenna and king Theodoric closes ranks in the pine-wood behind Classe. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
War of conquest |
|
Notes |
In 491 A.D. while king Odoacer was trying to get out from Ravenna he is forced to engage in a hard battle by the Candidianus’ bridge, just outside Ravenna, where Theodoric defeats him. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Natural catastrophe |
|
Notes |
On night in 492 A.D. Ravenna is devastated by an earthquake. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
War of conquest |
|
Notes |
In 493 A.D. King Theodoric keeps Italy under his control except from Ravenna and Odoacer, feeling exhausted, discusses the terms of surrender with him: Theodoric promises him to spare his life but later on he gets rid of him. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Meeting |
|
Notes |
In 499 A.D. king Theodoric calls Pope Symmachus to Ravenna to discuss about the political conflicts between the Church and the Ostrogoth. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Public works |
|
Notes |
Around 502 A.D. king Theodoric restores the aqueduct built during Trajan times. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Triumphs |
|
Notes |
Following his successful expedition to Gaul against the Franks, in 518 A.D. king Theodoric celebrates his triumphs in Ravenna and in 519 A.D. his son-in-law celebrates the consulship with great feasts in Rome and Ravenna. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Civil disorders |
|
Notes |
In 519 A.D. some contrasts between the Catholics and the Judeans break out bringing forth ravages and fires of synagogues in Ravenna; king Theodoric condemns the Catholic citizens to bear the costs of reconstruction. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Political trial |
|
Notes |
In 523 A.D. the senator and philosopher Severinus Boethius, chief of the royal chancellory, is sent to jail in Ravenna for treason. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Political trial |
|
Notes |
In 525 A.D. king Theodoric banishes Pope John I from Italy and obliges him to go to Constantinople as a messenger; meanwhile he puts to jail and brings to trial the caput senati Symmachus, father-in-law of Boethius. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Death of the king |
|
Notes |
In 526 A.D. king Theodoric dies in Ravenna; his nephew Atalaricus, whom he has personally designated, succeeded him under the regency of his mother Amalasunta. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Death of the king |
|
Notes |
In 534 A.D. Atalaric dies suddenly and the regent Amalasunta chooses as new king Theodatus, who gets rid of her in 535 A.D. giving occasion to emperor Justinian to intervene in Italy: it is the beginning of the Greek-gothic war. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Greek-gothic war |
|
Notes |
After Theodatus’ elimination, in 536 A.D. the new king Vitiges reaches Ravenna where he marries Matasunta, the last survivor of Theodoric’s family. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Greek-gothic war |
|
Notes |
In 538 A.D. the imperial general Belisarius brings the war to Ravenna and obliges king Vitige, who was laying siege to Rome, to come back in a hurry to the capital and barricade himself there. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Greek-gothic war |
|
Notes |
Between 539 and 540 A.D. the general Belisarius lays siege to Ravenna and obliges Vitiges to surrender and to deliver himself and his wife as prisoners along with the imperial treasure. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Greek-gothic war |
|
Notes |
At the end of 540 A.D. Belisarius leaves Ravenna to come back to Constantinople; in 541 A.D. the general Costantianus is thus nominated chief of Ravenna. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Greek-gothic war |
|
Notes |
Between 541 A.D. and 543 A.D. the imperial administrator Alexander is in Ravenna where he produces “unfounded accounts”, a sign of a bad administration. At the same time, the town repels with difficulty the offensive of the new king of the Goths Baduila, called Totila the “immortal” who is conquering the whole Italy. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Greek-gothic war |
|
Notes |
In 545 A.D. Belisarius comes back to Ravenna, but in 548 A.D. he leaves Italy definitively after three years of failures. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Consecration |
|
Notes |
In 547 A.D. the bishop of Ravenna Maximian consecrates the basilica of St. Vitale. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Consecration |
|
Notes |
In 549 A.D. the bishop of Ravenna Maximian consecrates the basilica of St. Apollinaris in Classe. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Greek-gothic war |
|
Notes |
In 552 A.D. Narses reaches Ravenna, from where he leaves for the decisive battle of Gualdo Tadino. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Change of condition |
|
Notes |
Thanks to the Prammatica Sanctio, in 554 A.D. Ravenna becomes the seat of the magister militum for Italy and, later on, the seat of the Exarch. |
|
|
|
|
Type of event |
Presence of hostages |
|
Notes |
After the murder of the king of Longobards Alboinus, in 572 A.D. queen Rosmunda and her accomplice Elmichi flee to Ravenna. |
|
|
|